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英語四個基本句式
扶臺興
從英語的句子結構上說，除了修飾名詞的形容詞和修飾動詞的副詞外，在千變萬化的句子中可歸納為四個基本句式，一般地說，某些動詞用在某一句式中，下面筆者把這些句型和常用的動詞進行歸類,供你參考。1.S(主） + Vi（不及物動詞）Time flies.1) S + Vi + adverbial(副詞）Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介詞片語） He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定詞）We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞）I'll go swimming.2. S (主）+ Vi ( 系動詞）+ 主詞補語SCWe are Chinese.除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表轉變變化的動詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表暫態的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞）He is a boy. This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容詞）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞）Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分詞）He is excited.The film is interesting.
3. S (主）+ Vt （及物動詞）+ O（受詞）We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）I want to help him.常用於這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3) S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI don't know what to do.常用於這句型的動詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + GerundI enjoy living here.常用於這句型的動詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。5) S + VT + That-clauseI don't think (that) he is right.常用於這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得）, hear（聽說）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（當心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪）。3-1. S (主）+ VT （謂）+ In O（間接 賓） + D O（直接 賓）I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有：allow, bring, deny, do(帶來）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。4. S (主）+ VT（謂）+ O（受） + O C（受補）I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用於這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用於這句型的動詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用於這句型的動詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分詞）I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用於這句型的動詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + InfinitiveHe show me how to do it.常用於這句型的動詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great.常用於這句型的動詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.常用於這句型的動詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.

Grammar Handbook: Subjects and Predicates
In English, every sentence has two essential parts: a complete subject and a complete predicate.
:: SubjectsThe complete subject is the simple subject (a noun or a pronoun) plus any words or group of words modifying the simple subject that tells who or what the sentence is about:
The high from my Mountain Dew usually lasts about an hour.
1.
Mountain Dew

164 up, 25 down


The essence of life.
Mountain Dew will make you live a long and healthy life. It also prevents most forms of stupidity.
2.
Mountain Dew

134 up, 27 down


Highly caffenated and carbonated soda from Pepsico. Very popular, and available at all USA supermarkets. Has the Most caffene than any other popular soda.
3.
Mountain Dew

113 up, 21 down


A drink, gave to man as a gift from God himself. Known commonly as what Jesus died for. Has been produced in 6 flavors- Mountain Dew, Mountain Dew : Code Red, Mountain Dew : LiveWire, Mountain Dew : Baja Blast, Mountain Dew : Pitch Black, and Mountain Dew : Pitch Black II. Better than sexual intercourse. Seriously, its that good. Do The DEW!
4.
Mountain Dew

57 up, 15 down


The single most addictive, non-alcoholic drink I have ever encountered. I got hooked on it at an American airbase and I had withdrawal symptoms when i returned back to Newcastle. It tasted alot like a drink we used to have here called Tab, whatever happened to that?

To find the complete subject, ask Who? or What? insert the verb, and finish the question. The answer is the complete subject:
What usually lasts about an hour? The high from my Mountain Dew.
The simple subject is the essential noun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that cannot be left out of the complete subject. In order to identify it, remove the complements and modifiers and whatever left is the simple subject:
The
high
from my Mountain Dew
usually lasts about an hour.
article
simple subject
prepositional phrase
predicate
TIP: Does the sentence make sense with just the word ("high") identified as the simple subject?
(The) high usually lasts about an hour.(back to top)
:: Additional Facts About Subjects: The "Understood You"Sometimes, as in the case of imperative sentences (see verb mood ), the subject does not actually appear in the sentence. At such times the invisible subject is called the "understood you":
(You) Rent "The Last of the Mohicans" from the video store.
: PositioningAlthough the subject most commonly appears before the verb, it can also appear after it appears in
sentences that begin with "there is" or "there are." "There" is an expletive or empty word which simply gets the sentence started:
There are precious few hills in Illinois. vs. Precious few hills are in Illinois.
sentences that are inverted for effect:
Happy is the wife of Harrison Ford. vs. The wife of Harrison Ford is happy.(back to top)
:: PredicatesThe complete predicate is the verb plus its objects, complements, and adverbial modifiers that tell what the complete subject does or is:
The high from my Mountain Dew usually lasts about an hour.
To find the complete predicate, ask What does the subject (the high) do? (It) usually lasts about an hour.
: Simple PredicateThe simple predicate is the essential verb or verb phrase that cannot be left out of the complete predicate. Again, remove the modifiers and complements to identify it:
The
high
from my Mountain Dew
usually
lasts
about an hour
article
simple subject
prepositional phrase
adverb
simple predicate
prepositional phrase
TIP: Does the sentence make sense with just the word identified as the simple predicate?
The high from my Mountain Dew lasts.(back to top)
::Compound Subjects and PredicatesAlthough the examples so far have contained only one subject and one verb, a sentence may contain a compound subject, a compound predicate, or both.
: Compound SubjectThe compound subject consists of two or more subjects that have the same verb and are joined by a conjunction such as "and" or "or":
Spencer and Annie wagged their tails.
: Compound PredicateThe compound predicate consists of two or more verbs that have the same subject and are joined by a conjunction such as "and" or "or":
I came, saw, and conquered.(back to top)



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Grammar Handbook: Complements
A complement is called a complement because it completes the predicate in a sentence. There are two kinds of complements: object complements and subject complements.
:: Object Complements An object complement follows the direct object and modifies or refers to the direct object. An object complement can be an adjective, a noun, or a word or word group acting as an adjective or noun:
If you elect me president, I'll keep the unions satisfied.("President" is an object complement referring to the direct object "me." "Satisfied" is an object complement modifying the direct object "unions.")
The students elected Mary president.("President" is an object complement referring to the direct object "Mary.")
Wool socks will keep your feet very warm.("Very warm" is an object complement modifying the direct object "your feet.") (back to top)
:: Subject ComplementsA subject complement follows a linking verb and modifies or refers to the subject. A subject complement can be an adjective, a noun, a pronoun, or a word or word group acting as an adjective or noun:
I am a teacher, but I am not yet experienced.("Teacher" and "experienced" are both subject complements thatmodify the subject "I.")
Subject complements have two subgroups, predicate adjectives and predicate nouns.
: Predicate AdjectivesA predicate adjective is a subject complement that is an adjective (see appositives同位語):
I am not yet experienced.("Experienced" is a predicate adjective that modifies the subject "I.")
: Predicate NounA predicate noun (nominative) is a subject complement that is a noun:
I am a teacher.("Teacher" is a predicate noun that refers to the subject "I.")(back to top)



The Workshop: About Us Contact Schedule AppointmentsLocations: Undergrad Library Burrill Hall Grainger Library Weston Writer Resources: Grammar Handbook Citation Styles ESL Resources Writing TipsTeacher Resources: Web Resources Request Class Visit Instructor Support